Background and Purpose: Colorectal cancer is a common fatal malignancy, the fourth most common cancer in men, and the third most common cancer in women worldwide. Timely detection of cancer in its early stages is essential for treating the disease. Currently, there is a lack of datasets for histopathological image segmentation of rectal cancer, which often hampers the assessment accuracy when computer technology is used to aid in diagnosis. Methods: This present study provided a new publicly available Enteroscope Biopsy Histopathological Hematoxylin and Eosin Image Dataset for Image Segmentation Tasks (EBHI-Seg). To demonstrate the validity and extensiveness of EBHI-Seg, the experimental results for EBHI-Seg are evaluated using classical machine learning methods and deep learning methods. Results: The experimental results showed that deep learning methods had a better image segmentation performance when utilizing EBHI-Seg. The maximum accuracy of the Dice evaluation metric for the classical machine learning method is 0.948, while the Dice evaluation metric for the deep learning method is 0.965. Conclusion: This publicly available dataset contained 5,170 images of six types of tumor differentiation stages and the corresponding ground truth images. The dataset can provide researchers with new segmentation algorithms for medical diagnosis of colorectal cancer, which can be used in the clinical setting to help doctors and patients.

深度学习方法表明了遥感高空间分辨率（HSR）覆盖映射的有希望的结果。然而，城乡场景可以呈现完全不同的地理景观，以及这些算法的不充分性妨碍了城市级或国家级映射。大多数现有的HSR土地覆盖数据集主要推动学习语义表示的研究，从而忽略了模型可转移性。在本文中，我们介绍了陆地覆盖域自适应语义分割（Loveda）数据集以推进语义和可转让的学习。 Loveda DataSet包含5987个HSR图像，具有来自三个不同城市的166768个注释对象。与现有数据集相比，Loveda DataSet包含两个域名（城乡），由于：1）多尺度对象，带来了相当大的挑战; 2）复杂的背景样本; 3）类分布不一致。 Loveda DataSet适用于土地覆盖语义分段和无监督域适应（UDA）任务。因此，我们在11个语义分割方法和八种UDA方法上基准测试了Loveda DataSet。还进行了一些探索性研究，包括多规范架构和策略，额外的背景监督和伪标签分析，以解决这些挑战。代码和数据在https://github.com/junjue-wang/loveda获得。

Facial attractiveness prediction (FAP) aims to assess the facial attractiveness automatically based on human aesthetic perception. Previous methods using deep convolutional neural networks have boosted the performance, but their giant models lead to a deficiency in flexibility. Besides, most of them fail to take full advantage of the dataset. In this paper, we present a novel end-to-end FAP approach integrating dual label distribution and lightweight design. To make the best use of the dataset, the manual ratings, attractiveness score, and standard deviation are aggregated explicitly to construct a dual label distribution, including the attractiveness distribution and the rating distribution. Such distributions, as well as the attractiveness score, are optimized under a joint learning framework based on the label distribution learning (LDL) paradigm. As for the lightweight design, the data processing is simplified to minimum, and MobileNetV2 is selected as our backbone. Extensive experiments are conducted on two benchmark datasets, where our approach achieves promising results and succeeds in striking a balance between performance and efficiency. Ablation studies demonstrate that our delicately designed learning modules are indispensable and correlated. Additionally, the visualization indicates that our approach is capable of perceiving facial attractiveness and capturing attractive facial regions to facilitate semantic predictions.

Incorporating external knowledge into the response generation process is essential to building more helpful and reliable dialog agents. However, collecting knowledge-grounded conversations is often costly, calling for a better pre-trained model for grounded dialog generation that generalizes well w.r.t. different types of knowledge. In this work, we propose KPT (Keyword-guided Pre-Training), a novel self-supervised pre-training method for grounded dialog generation without relying on extra knowledge annotation. Specifically, we use a pre-trained language model to extract the most uncertain tokens in the dialog as keywords. With these keywords, we construct two kinds of knowledge and pre-train a knowledge-grounded response generation model, aiming at handling two different scenarios: (1) the knowledge should be faithfully grounded; (2) it can be selectively used. For the former, the grounding knowledge consists of keywords extracted from the response. For the latter, the grounding knowledge is additionally augmented with keywords extracted from other utterances in the same dialog. Since the knowledge is extracted from the dialog itself, KPT can be easily performed on a large volume and variety of dialogue data. We considered three data sources (open-domain, task-oriented, conversational QA) with a total of 2.5M dialogues. We conduct extensive experiments on various few-shot knowledge-grounded generation tasks, including grounding on dialog acts, knowledge graphs, persona descriptions, and Wikipedia passages. Our comprehensive experiments and analyses demonstrate that KPT consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods on these tasks with diverse grounding knowledge.

Stock and flow diagrams are already an important tool in epidemiology, but category theory lets us go further and treat these diagrams as mathematical entities in their own right. In this chapter we use communicable disease models created with our software, StockFlow.jl, to explain the benefits of the categorical approach. We first explain the category of stock-flow diagrams, and note the clear separation between the syntax of these diagrams and their semantics, demonstrating three examples of semantics already implemented in the software: ODEs, causal loop diagrams, and system structure diagrams. We then turn to two methods for building large stock-flow diagrams from smaller ones in a modular fashion: composition and stratification. Finally, we introduce the open-source ModelCollab software for diagram-based collaborative modeling. The graphical user interface of this web-based software lets modelers take advantage of the ideas discussed here without any knowledge of their categorical foundations.

有关连接车辆的高级研究最近针对将车辆到所有设施（V2X）网络与机器学习（ML）工具（ML）工具和分布式决策制定的集成。联合学习（FL）正在作为训练机器学习（ML）模型（包括V2X网络中的车辆）的新范式出现。与其将培训数据共享和上传到服务器，不如将模型参数（例如，神经网络的权重和偏见）更新，由大量的互连车辆种群应用，充当本地学习者。尽管有这些好处，但现有方法的局限性是集中式优化，它依靠服务器来汇总和融合本地参数，从而导致单个故障点和扩展问题的缺点，以增加V2X网络大小。同时，在智能运输方案中，从车载传感器收集的数据是多余的，这会降低聚合的性能。为了解决这些问题，我们探索了一个分散数据处理的新颖想法，并引入了用于网络内工具的联合学习框架，C-DFL（基于共识的分散联盟学习），以解决有关连接车辆的联合学习并提高学习质量的联盟学习。已经实施了广泛的仿真来评估C-DFL的性能，该表明C-DFL在所有情况下都胜过常规方法的性能。

人类视频运动转移（HVMT）的目的是鉴于源头的形象，生成了模仿驾驶人员运动的视频。 HVMT的现有方法主要利用生成对抗网络（GAN），以根据根据源人员图像和每个驾驶视频框架估计的流量来执行翘曲操作。但是，由于源头，量表和驾驶人员之间的巨大差异，这些方法始终会产生明显的人工制品。为了克服这些挑战，本文提出了基于gan的新型人类运动转移（远程移动）框架。为了产生逼真的动作，远遥采用了渐进的一代范式：它首先在没有基于流动的翘曲的情况下生成每个身体的零件，然后将所有零件变成驾驶运动的完整人。此外，为了保留自然的全球外观，我们设计了一个全球对齐模块，以根据其布局与驾驶员的规模和位置保持一致。此外，我们提出了一个纹理对准模块，以使人的每个部分都根据纹理的相似性对齐。最后，通过广泛的定量和定性实验，我们的远及以两个公共基准取得了最先进的结果。

现有的步态识别研究以实验室场景为主。由于人们生活在现实世界中，因此野外的步态识别是一个更实用的问题，最近引起了多媒体和计算机视觉社区的关注。在现有基准上获得最先进性能的当前方法在最近提出的野外数据集上的准确性差得多，因为这些方法几乎无法模拟不受约束场景中步态序列的各种时间动力学。因此，本文提出了一种新型的多跳时间开关方法，以实现实际场景中步态模式的有效时间建模。具体来说，我们设计了一个新型的步态识别网络，称为多跳临时交换机网络（MTSGait），以同时学习空间特征和多尺度的时间功能。与现有的3D卷积进行时间建模的方法不同，我们的MTSGAIT通过2D卷积对步态序列的时间动力学进行建模。通过这种方式，与基于3D卷积的模型相比，它以较少的模型参数来达到高效率，并减少了优化的难度。基于2D卷积内核的特定设计，我们的方法可以消除相邻帧之间特征的不对准。此外，提出了一种新的采样策略，即非环保连续采样，以使模型学习更强大的时间特征。最后，与最新方法相比，提出的方法在两个公共步态数据集（即增长和步态3D）上取得了出色的性能。

人类运动转移是指合成的照片现实和时间连贯的视频，使一个人能够模仿他人的运动。但是，当前的合成视频遭受了序列帧的时间不一致，这些框架显着降低了视频质量，但远未通过像素域中的现有方法来解决。最近，由于图像合成方法的频率不足，一些有关DeepFake检测的作品试图区分频域中的自然图像和合成图像。尽管如此，从自然和合成视频之间的频域间隙方面的各个方面研究合成视频的时间不一致。在本文中，我们建议深入研究频率空间，以进行时间一致的人类运动转移。首先，我们对频域中的自然和合成视频进行了首次综合分析，以揭示单个帧的空间维度和视频的时间维度的频率差距。为了弥补自然视频和合成视频之间的频率差距，我们提出了一个新型的基于频率的人类运动转移框架，名为Fremotr，该框架可以有效地减轻空间伪像以及合成视频的时间不一致。 Fremotr探索了两个基于频率的新型正则化模块：1）频域外观正则化（FAR），以改善个人在单个帧中的外观和2）时间频率正则化（TFR），以确保相邻框架之间的时间一致性。最后，全面的实验表明，FremoTR不仅在时间一致性指标中产生卓越的性能，而且还提高了合成视频的框架级视觉质量。特别是，时间一致性指标比最新模型提高了近30％。

在本文中，我们研究了通过减少优化难度来改善对抗性训练（AT）获得的对抗性鲁棒性。为了更好地研究这个问题，我们为AT建立了一个新颖的Bregman Divergence观点，其中可以将其视为负熵曲线上训练数据点的滑动过程。基于这个观点，我们分析了方法（即PGD-AT和Trades）的两个典型方法的学习目标，并且我们发现交易的优化过程比PGD-AT更容易，而PGD-AT则将PGD-AT分开。此外，我们讨论了熵在贸易中的功能，我们发现具有高熵的模型可以是更好的鲁棒性学习者。受到上述发现的启发，我们提出了两种方法，即伪造和MER，它们不仅可以减少10步PGD对手下优化的难度，而且还可以提供更好的鲁棒性。我们的工作表明，在10步PGD对手下减少优化的难度是增强AT中对抗性鲁棒性的一种有前途的方法。